India (Ladakh) : public and bank holidays, closure of banks, stock exchanges, school vacations

Catholic or protestant : Since pre-historic times in Europe, festivities (bonfires, offrerings) were marking the beginning of longer hours of daylight with fires and ritual. The Roman festival of Saturnalia lasted several days in December (gambling and offerings). Germanic tribes also celebrated mid-winter (drinking and rituals). The Bulgarian (with Koleduvane) and the Polish (with Gwiazdka) perpetuate this tradition. Jesus of Nazareth was probably born in springtime (Reformists favour autumn). But in the 4th century, December 25th was chosen for the celebration of his birth by Pope Julius I (Bishop Liberus is also mentioned in 354 A.D.). Thus, a Christian element was introduced in the long-established mid-winter festivals. Before 1582, the Papal States and other Italian city states celebrated New Year’s Day on Christmas Day.

Sikhism :

Culture : Founded in the year 1664 the Chemrey monastery celebrates this festival annually. at the Shachukul monastery

Secular holiday : It was the Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress at midnight of December 31, 1929 - January 1, 1930, that the Tri-Colour Flag was unfurled by the nationalists and a pledge taken that every year on January 26, the Independence Day would be celebrated and that the people would unceasingly strive for the establishment of a Sovereign Democratic Republic of India. The professed pledge was successfully redeemed on January 26, 1950, when the Constitution of India framed by the Constituent Assembly of India came into force, although the Independence from the British rule was achieved on August 15, 1947. It is because of this that August 15 is celebrated as Independence Day, while January 26 as Republic Day.

School holidays : -- heat waves may affect the calendar

Hinduism : A Hindu festival in honor of Lord Shiva and his marriage to Goddess Parvati. Ceremonies involving prayers and hymns take place mostly at night.

Hinduism :

Zoroastrian : Naw Ruz--Zoroastrian New Year and celebration of Righteousness Divine Spirit Asha Vahishta, creator of fire. Feast of Ahura Mazda, Spring Equinox Also spelled Newroz, Nauruz, Nauryz, Noe-Rooz, Nawroz, Norooz, Noruz, Novruz (in Azerbaijan and Turkey), Noh Ruz, Nauroz, Nav-roze, Navroz, Naw-Rúz, Nevruz, Sultan Nevruz, Наврӯз, Navruz, or Nowrouz [Wikipedia]

Secular holiday :

Muslim, Sufi : The Muslims observe Jumatul Wida, the last Friday of the holy month of Ramadan, with traditional religious fervour and solemnity at the Grand Mosque of Andarkilla in Chittagong. Millions of fasting people offer Friday prayers at mosques and prayer grounds. Jumatul Wida has a special significance since it is a prelude to the departure of holy month of Ramadan and considered the harbinger of the end of the showering of divine blessings that characterize the holy month. Holy Prophet (pbuh) also stressed the sanctity of this day.

Muslim, Sufi : Believed to be the night when the Quran was first revealed. Some but not all Muslims believe that revelation of the Quran occurred in two phases, with the first phase being the revelation in its entirety on Laylat al-Qadr to the angel Gabriel (Jibril in Arabic) in the lowest heaven, and then the subsequent verse-by-verse revelation to Muhammad by Gabriel, across 23 years. [Wikipedia]

Buddhism (Theravada) : The Hindu New Year, also known as Ugadi, is on the day following the new moon on or after the spring equinox.

Muslim, Sufi : Ends the ninth month in the Islamic calendar. There were 30 days of strict fasting from sunup to sundown in honor of the first revelation to the Prophet Mohammed.